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Thai basil
Thai basil ((タイ語:โหระพา), , ISO: h̄oraphā, ; (ベトナム語:húng quế)) is a type of basil native to Southeast Asia that has been cultivated to provide distinctive traits. Widely used throughout Southeast Asia, its flavor, described as anise- and licorice-like and slightly spicy, is more stable under high or extended cooking temperatures than that of sweet basil. Thai basil has small, narrow leaves, purple stems, and pink-purple flowers.
==Taxonomy and nomenclature==
Sweet basil (''Ocimum basilicum'') has multiple cultivars, of which Thai basil, ''O. basilicum'' var. ''thyrsiflora'', is one variety. Thai basil itself has multiple cultivars. One cultivar commonly grown in the United States is 'Siam Queen'. Thai basil may sometimes be called ''anise basil'' or ''licorice basil'', in reference to its anise- and licorice-like scent and taste, but it is different from the Western strains bearing these same names. Occasionally, Thai basil may also be called ''cinnamon basil'', which is also its literal name in Vietnamese, but ''cinnamon basil'' typically refers to a separate cultivar of basil. The genus name ''Ocimum'' is derived from the Greek word meaning "to smell", which is appropriate for most members of the plant family Lamiaceae, also known as the mint family. With over 40 cultivars of basil, this abundance of flavors, aromas, and colors leads to confusion when identifying specific cultivars.
Three types of basil are commonly used in Thai cuisine. First, Thai basil, or ''horapha'' ((タイ語:โหระพา)), is widely used throughout Southeast Asia and plays a prominent role in Vietnamese cuisine. It is also the cultivar most often used for Asian cooking in Western kitchens. Second, holy basil (''O. tenuiflorum''), or ''kaphrao'' ((タイ語:กะเพรา)), which has a spicy, peppery, clove-like taste, may be the basil Thai people love most.〔 Holy basil is also known as ''Thai holy basil'' or by its Indian name, ''tulasi'' or ''tulsi''; it is widely used in India for culinary, medicinal, and religious purposes. Finally, lemon basil (''O. × citriodorum''), or ''maenglak'' ((タイ語:แมงลัก)), as its name implies, has undertones of lemon in both scent and taste. Lemon basil is the least commonly used type of basil in Thailand.〔 It is also known as ''Thai lemon basil'', in contradistinction to Mrs. Burns lemon basil, another cultivar of basil.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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